Cats are naturally sensitive and are solitary animals, so they can be kept indoors without going outside. Although cats need space to move around, they don't need a lot of space; a room where they can move freely is enough.
As long as you provide your cat with enough food and water, spay/neuter it or meet its mating needs, and allow it freedom to roam the house, it's possible for a cat to live its entire life without ever going outside! However, cats need vaccinations, checkups, and veterinary care when they're sick, all of which require going outside. This topic only illustrates that cats can be kept indoors; it's simply impossible for a cat to never go outside its entire life.

So what does it mean for a cat to stay indoors its entire life, except when absolutely necessary? You'll understand after reading this!
Cats have a strong sense of territory and will fight with other cats for territory when living outdoors. A cat that never goes outside and is kept indoors by its owner has a fixed territory and doesn't need to fight with other cats. Furthermore, the cat doesn't need to endure the sun and rain, nor does it have to worry about being chased away; it can live a very peaceful life in its owner's home.

Keeping cats indoors and preventing them from going outside can reduce the chances of them getting lost. Letting cats out increases the likelihood of them getting lost, and some cats even wander off out of fear after being taken out by their owners. Once a cat gets lost, there's a high chance it won't be found, leading it to become a stray and endure a difficult life outside.
Cats that never go outside and are kept indoors by their owners can actually have a lower chance of getting sick. This is because the environment at home is relatively clean, reducing their exposure to viruses and bacteria, thus making them less susceptible to illness.
Furthermore, cats that never go outside are less likely to contract parasites or rabies. With their owners' companionship, cats are happier and live longer. After getting a cat, it's important to pay attention to its mental health, interact with it frequently, and reward it with treats.