Cats typically give birth to 1 to 9 kittens, which is the upper and lower limit, with an average of around 3 to 5 kittens. Different breeds of cats may have different litter sizes; for example, Persian and Siamese cats usually have fewer kittens, while some large mixed-breed cats may have more kittens.

Older cats typically have more kittens. Additionally, a cat's health condition also affects litter size; healthier cats are more likely to have larger litters. Furthermore, a cat's family genetics may also influence litter size.