A cat's sudden onset of asthma-like symptoms can be caused by a variety of reasons. Here are some possible causes:
1. Environmental factors: such as airborne allergens, such as dust mites and pollen, or large temperature changes, may cause cats to develop asthma-like symptoms.

2. Disease factors: including but not limited to asthma, heartworm, congestive heart failure, respiratory infection, anemia, trauma, neurological diseases, abdominal swelling and excessive pain, infectious peritonitis, feline heart-related diseases, and poisoning caused by cats ingesting certain things such as rat poison, lilies, etc.
3. Strenuous exercise: Some cats with weak constitutions may develop asthma-like symptoms after engaging in a lot of exercise.