Cats can drink sugar water. However, it's generally better to feed them primarily cat food. Sugar water is usually given when a cat has low blood sugar or is extremely weak. It's generally not recommended to give them sugar water under normal circumstances. If you do give them sugar water, make sure it's very diluted. It shouldn't be too thick. Excessive sugar intake can cause digestive problems in cats, leading to adverse reactions. 
Sugary foods can harm a cat's health, causing bloating, diarrhea, and colic. Therefore, felines' instinctive aversion to sweets is a defense mechanism; their palates have evolved to avoid consuming these substances.