There are several reasons why a cat might defecate outside the litter box even though the litter box is clean. First, the cat may dislike the material, smell, or location of the litter box and choose to relieve itself outside. Second, stress, anxiety, or poor adaptation to a new environment can also affect a cat's behavior, leading to changes in its elimination habits. Sometimes, even if the litter box appears clean, a cat's keen sense of smell may still detect residual odors, preventing it from defecating inside.

To resolve this issue, try changing the type, material, or location of the litter box to find a more comfortable environment for your cat. Maintaining a clean and comfortable litter box is also crucial. If the problem persists, you may need to consult a veterinarian or a professional behavior trainer to rule out health or behavioral issues.